The PIC18F series of microcontrollers has built-in USART modules. We shall see in Chapter 6 how to write mikroC programs to implement serial communication with and without a USART module. Some microcontrollers (e.g., the PIC18F series) incorporate SPI (serial peripheral interface) or I²C (integrated interconnect) hardware bus interfaces. These enable a microcontroller to interface with other compatible devices easily.

1.3.10 EEPROM Data Memory

EEPROM-type data memory is also very common in many microcontrollers. The advantage of an EEPROM memory is that the programmer can store nonvolatile data there and change this data whenever required. For example, in a temperature monitoring application, the maximum and minimum temperature readings can be stored in an EEPROM memory. If the power supply is removed for any reason, the values of the latest readings are available in the EEPROM memory. The PIC18F452 microcontroller has 256 bytes of EEPROM memory. Other members of the PIC18F family have more EEPROM memory (e.g., the PIC18F6680 has 1024 bytes). The mikroC language provides special instructions for reading and writing to the EEPROM memory of a PIC microcontroller.

1.3.11 LCD Drivers

LCD drivers enable a microcontroller to be connected to an external LCD display directly. These drivers are not common since most of the functions they provide can be implemented in software. For example, the PIC18F6490 microcontroller has a built-in LCD driver module.

1.3.12 Analog Comparator

Analog comparators are used where two analog voltages need to be compared. Although these circuits are implemented in most high-end PIC microcontrollers, they are not common in other microcontrollers. The PIC18F series of microcontrollers has built-in analog comparator modules.



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